Diplomatic relations

1. Kevin Rudd is the Foriegn Minister and is responsible for Australias diplomatic relations with other countries
2. Kevin Rudd is concerned that North Korea'a long range nuclear missile campaign is a threat to Australia and that North Korea needs to re-engage with reality
3. He expressed his concerns in the ASEAN regional forum where countries from South East Asia come to discuss relations
4. Recent events like North Korea torpedoing a South Korean warship, shelling a South Korean island and continuing with a nuclear program prohibited by the UN security council
5. The threat of North Australia being in range of North Koreas long range nuclear missiles is a direct threat says Kevin Rudd
6. By doing this he is trying to put pressure on North Korea to calm down and aligning our selves with our allies the USA and South Korea over the matter. It is also promoting Australia as a more dominant country in the region by taking more of a leadership role
7. By blaming North Korea for the stability problems in the region he puts us on the side of our Allies the USA, South Korea and Japan over the matter, and tells them whose side were on if further acion is needed.

Australian Aid

Article summary

• by 2015 we will be spending $8 billion a year on aid
• spending money on aid may not be a good thing as world poverty is decreasing rapidly
• the developing world now has some of the worlds largest economies
• giving money to Indonesia for schools isn't needed as their GDP is larger than ours and they can afford it
• instead of being happy about Indonesia no longer needing our aid we choose to ignore it

The writer makes many valid points about Australias aid program, though world poverty is decreasing the aid we give to other countries is increasing. There are some points though that he misses, when he talks about Indonesia's GDP he must remeber that this doesn't reflect the amount of money put on schools and that even if Indonesia didn't spend money on schools it doesn't nessesarily mean they're spending on less important things. Also when he talks about PNG and says even though we've been giving money to PNG for 40 years they are still no closer to economic sustainibility. The aid we give to PNG isn't meant t make PNGs economy stable but to help the nation's population which a lot of live in small self sustaining villages not used to making money for themselves. I agree that giving too much aid without enough thought doesn't neccessarily cure poverty but aid is still an important thing to do to sustain people not as fortunate as ourselves.

3. Giving more aid to countries like Indonesia and India help us maintain close relations with these countries especially as they are becoming major players on the world stage. Indonesia especially as they (along with China) are our biigest rivals in the region.
Other countries like PNG and islands in the pacific lack a means for many of the population to making a sustainible income. Many other rich nations look after poorer ones in their regions and it could damage our relations with them if we didn't do the same. PNG was part of Australia until 1975 and if we don't look after them then many would see it as a breach of trust and wouldn't trust us later on. Islands in the pacific may aline themselves with Indonesia and may be more hostile to Australian buisness interests.
Giving more aid will help with all these things with only a minor cost to an already rich nation.

1. There is a high pressure system over Australia which means it will most likely be sunny in the capital cities over the next 4 days
2.  City                             Day1   Day2  Day3  Day4
     Sydney/Canberra         1016   1020   1016  1017
     Melbourne                   1024   1027   1016  1016
     Brisbane                      1016   1016   1017  1016
     Perth                           1016   1024   1024  1016

1. the conour interval is 20ft which is roughly 8m
2. 1.5cm=1mile   1.5cm= 1.605km
3. 3.6 degrees

Sarajevo

The city I have chosen to do is Sarajevno which is 560 years old and is the capital of the relativel new country of Bosnia and Heregovina which formed in 1992. It's population according to Wikipedia is 310605. I chose this image to introduce Sarajevo as it gives a sense of how historiacal the city is and shows its religious demographics with many mosques, orthodox churches and synogogues.

Sarajevo geography situates it in between several mountains with the Miljacka river flowing through it as seen in this image. Sarajevo is 500m above sea level and has an average temperature of 9.5C year round.

Sarevo's position in a valley means it is very compact with few highways. The streets are usually very narrow and primarily used by pedestrians. Sarajevo has a tram system (seen above) that has been operating since 1885 as well as numerous bus routes. The cities transportation infrastructure is currently having major upgrades.

Sarajevo was besieged from 1992 to 1995 during the Bosnian war. During this time the city was witness to huge amounts of destruction and large population shifts. The above is a picture of the Bosnian parliment after being hit by Serbian tank fire. During the war the city lost almost 100,000 from its population. The surrounding hills are still covered in mines and unexpolded munitions.

Sarajevo is now almost fully recovered from the war and is fast becoming a tourist destination for its culture and attrations such as this the Avaz Twist Tower. The skie slopes near Sarajevo have recently been cleared of all explosive ordnances. It is one of the richest cities in the region and is a highly recommended travel location by Lonely Planet. The average GDP in Sarajevo is 133% the Yugoslav average.

Draft 2

Urban consolidation can cause large hostility from the locals in the area being consolidated. At the moment Kuringai in Sydneys North Shore is being heavily consolidated by Meriton apartments. Places that used to be suburban houses have turned into huge apartment complexes to the anger of locals. The locals in the area have even started their own protest group "Not So High In Kuringai". They are against the proposed 10,000 dwellings to be built by 2031 and want to stop the developments at 6000. They have staged rallies and have sent a list of demands to their local MP. They continued protesting for several years but the planned developments are still going ahead.

Other planned consolidation developments in Warriwood valley have been opposed by both the residents and the council. Though the developments have been approved by the State government and highly recommended by the Planning and Development Comission the locals don't want their area to become medium or high density.  Warriwood Valley has already experienced large housing developments but several 4 storey apartmant blocks have been approved. Warriwood Valley was mostly swamp 15 years ago but has changed from a semi-rural area into an area containing the housing development. Locals ans the council are holding several meetings on the matter and it is believed that the development may be stopped now that the Coalition is in power.

The effectiveness of urban consolidation in Kuringai is succeeding in its goal of housing more people in that area and the apartments are being filled with people almost as soon as they are built. Though the locals are greatly against these highdensity areas the consolidation of the area is working. Warriwood is may not have it's flats but the housing development have greatly increased the population of the area though this could be called sprawl. It becomes a balance between the locals wants and the citieis neeeds for more homes.

draft

A world city can bring in people in from all over the world to live in multicultural society that can cater for them. Sydney's population is growing over 4.5 million putting pressure on space and infrastructure.. Over the next 30 years the population of Sydney will increase by 40600 people per year. This new influx of people is expected to need 640000 new homes, 500000 new jobs, 7500 hectares of industrial space, 6.8 million square metres of land and 3.7 million square metres of retail space. These are expected to put a huge strain on the cities infrastructure and land causing urban planners to come up with new ideas on urban development.

The solution used in Sydney during most of the 20th century has been urban sprawl. Urban sprawl is where a city move outwards to cater for the population expansion, expanding with the people, needing more and more infrastructure to ferry people to the urban centers. Over the time the Western Suburbs of Sydney have grown from small towns unconnected from Sydney to huge suburbs such as Parramtta and Liverpool. These suurbs are now becoming cities in themselves and are filling up. Huge housing developments are being set up further and further West and the Sydney basin will soon run out of space. Urban sprawl is no longer an effective management plan for Sydney.

The new plan that has been used by other cities like New York for decades is Urban Consolidation. Urban Consolidation is the building up of land, instead of building outwards you build upwards to accomodate more people. Large apartment blocks and skyscrapers can house lot of people without using up too much land. Housing lots of people in a small area is cheaper and needs less infrastrucure from the government but is not as likeable by residents who prefer their own space rather than sharing it with others. This is what has happened in the CBD and incrasingly in the Western suburbs of Sydney.

Green Square

Green Square is an example of urban consolidation as it is near a populated area and is medium to high density living. It is to house 40,000 people and have 21,000 jobs in the area by 2031. It will help the economy and allow more people to live in  a relatively close distance to the city. Problems can be a large increase in population and can cause congestion in an already congested area.